Second Pillar of Islam

الصلاة (As-Salah) – The Prayer

Salah, or prayer, is the second pillar of Islam and a fundamental act of worship. It is a direct connection between a Muslim and Allah, performed five times daily at prescribed times. Here are the details:

Key Elements of Salah

1. Obligation of Salah:

• It was made obligatory during the Isra and Mi’raj (the Prophet Muhammad’s night journey and ascension to the heavens).

• Mentioned in the Quran:

“Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.” (Quran 4:103)

2. Purpose of Salah:

• To strengthen faith (iman) and develop consciousness of Allah (taqwa).

• To seek forgiveness, guidance, and blessings from Allah.

The Five Daily Prayers

Each prayer is performed during specific time windows:

1. الفجر (Fajr) – Dawn Prayer

• Number of Units (Rak’ahs): 2

• Performed before sunrise.

• Represents starting the day with spiritual focus.

2. الظهر (Dhuhr) – Noon Prayer

• Number of Units (Rak’ahs): 4

• Performed after the sun passes its zenith.

• A reminder of Allah during busy work hours.

3. العصر (Asr) – Afternoon Prayer

• Number of Units (Rak’ahs): 4

• Performed in the late afternoon.

• Symbolizes perseverance and steadfastness.

4. المغرب (Maghrib) – Evening Prayer

• Number of Units (Rak’ahs): 3

• Performed just after sunset.

• A moment of gratitude as the day ends.

5. العشاء (Isha) – Night Prayer

• Number of Units (Rak’ahs): 4

• Performed at night before sleeping.

• A chance to reflect on the day’s actions.

How Salah is Performed

1. Preparation (Wudu):

• Ablution (wudu) is required to ensure physical and spiritual cleanliness.

“O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms…” (Quran 5:6)

2. Facing the Qiblah:

• Prayers are performed facing the Kaaba in Mecca.

3. Key Components of Salah:

• Takbir: Saying Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) to begin.

• Recitation: Includes Surah Al-Fatiha and other Quranic verses.

• Ruku’: Bowing with humility.

• Sujud: Prostration, placing the forehead on the ground in submission.

• Tashahhud: Sitting and reciting the declaration of faith.

4. Closing:

• Ends with Taslim (saying “As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullah” to the right and left).

Spiritual Benefits of Salah

1. Connection with Allah:

• Salah provides a regular opportunity to communicate with Allah.

2. Discipline and Structure:

• The five daily prayers create a spiritual routine and discipline.

3. Forgiveness of Sins:

• Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

“The five daily prayers expiate sins as water removes dirt.” (Sahih Muslim)

4. Unity of Muslims:

• Salah is performed universally by all Muslims, fostering a sense of community.

Importance in Life and Death

1. First Question on Judgment Day:

• The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

“The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)

2. During Life Events:

• Salah is central to key moments, such as funerals (Salat al-Janazah) and gratitude (Salat al-Shukr).